The riverbank is pretty and the water is inviting. Years of efforts by a team of experts turns Tel Aviv’s Yarkon River from a collapsed ecosystem into an attractive recreation and nature spot.
A lot of history and hard work led up to Tel Aviv-Jaffa Mayor Ron Huldai’s much-publicized July 2011 dip in the Yarkon River, the waterway that winds east from the Mediterranean between Tel Aviv and Petah Tikva. The mayor was showing that the river could finally shed its reputation as a dangerously polluted blight on the landscape.
Yarkon River Authority General Director David Pargament – who rowed in the 17-mile-long river as a child — tells ISRAEL21c how the Yarkon was made healthier and what still must be done.
Pargament’s office sits beside the pretty riverbank, part of the large, lush Yarkon Park that streams daily with bikers, runners, picnickers, boaters, fishermen and families – and has hosted concerts in recent years by artists such as Michael Jackson, Paul McCartney, Madonna, U2, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Elton John, Tina Turner and Aerosmith. Next door is the Tel Aviv Rowing Club, where serious athletes such as rowing champ Jasmine Feingold hang out.
Much of the outside world first heard of the Yarkon only in July 1997, when a temporary pedestrian bridge over the river collapsed under the Australian delegation to the Maccabiah Games. More than 60 athletes were injured and four died.
Accusations were made in the wake of the tragedy, with many blaming the polluted waterway for some of the deaths. Pargament says that in fact the water was already in better condition at that time, with fish and plant life returning to the river, but that the impact of the collapse churned up sediments and organic matter from the bottom of the river.
“The Yarkon was polluted since the late 1950s,” he relates. “It smelled bad, it had mosquitoes and it flooded. The Bavli section of Tel Aviv, which is now highly desirable, smelled so bad from the river that it was hard to sell an apartment there.”
The problem began when Israel began diverting Yarkon feeder springs to more arid parts of the country. Poorly treated sewage, industrial waste and warm water from Tel Aviv’s Reading power plant worsened the situation. Without sufficient influx of freshwater, the depleted river’s ecosystem fell apart.
Pargament arrived at the River Authority in 1993, three years after its founding. He had a tough job ahead of him. “The main hard work was to change the attitude of the decision-makers on the national and local levels. I had to show each city they had a major asset here, and now they all realize how important the Yarkon is. It’s high on Mayor Huldai’s urban agenda and others are joining in.”
The river isn’t the bad guy
Pargament stresses that the river itself was never to blame.
“Rivers don’t do anything; things are done to rivers. Most of what humans have done to this river is negative. We’re now in the process of trying to change the negative effects and the old ways of thinking in order to reverse what was done and to imitate what used to be. We can’t get all the water back or make the urban or agricultural areas disappear. We’ve had to work within these constraints to rehabilitate the Yarkon and prepare it for recreation.”
In 1995, the authority’s 18 member agencies devised a master plan under the leadership of then Tel Aviv Mayor Roni Milo. One of the first priorities was to stop spraying mosquito pesticides and rehab the denuded banks along which the spraying vehicles had traveled. Once the river’s ecosystem was rebalanced, the mosquito problem abated with little intervention.
Another priority was building proper weirs (barriers to redirect the flow) in place of makeshift ones that farmers had fashioned to enable pumping water out for irrigation. Bank erosion and neglected habitats were also dealt with.
- Fish ladders help fish cross over small dams.
“The task of rehab is endless,” says Pargament. “We invented it as we went along, through intensive work with academics, fish experts, botanists, hydrologists, tree experts, engineers. We initiated at least 25 research projects and we used that information in an integrated way to make decisions.”
Sharing knowledge worldwide
The 1997 tragedy led to one of the most important developments for the Yarkon: constructed wetlands that naturally filter industrial effluent. The Land Authority provided 21 acres for this project, and the Australian branch of Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael-Jewish National Fund donated the first NIS 15 million to actualize it.
“When they heard that Australians were donating money for the Yarkon, many Israelis wondered why they would do that after the deaths,” says Pargament. “It shows how big they are – they are not turning their backs on us, but helping us fix what needs to be fixed.”
Today, the clean upstream section of the river and the downstream saltwater estuary jump with gray mullet and tilapia. The middle 10 miles is a work in progress, though Pargament points to major achievements such as the successful reintroduction of the native Yarkon bleak and wintering egrets.
There is no longer any deliberate inflow of pollutants or sewage into the Yarkon, and freshwater is discharged into the upper part as a matter of government policy. One of the older wastewater treatment plants is getting upgraded to pump membrane-technology treated water for irrigating the adjacent Ganei Yehoshua Park and agricultural crops and orchards.
“This integrates the river with human activity,” says Pargament, “and will assure that the water introduced into the Yarkon doesn’t go to waste.”
Also on his wish list: Preventing pollution from urban and agricultural runoff; enlarging the river’s buffer zone to further protect it from human activity; building additional “fish ladders” to help fish cross over the weirs; reintroducing additional plant and animal life; and constructing more paths and footbridges.
Everything the Yarkon River Authority does is watched closely by water ecologists far and wide. The Yarkon is “twinned” with the Los Angeles River in California, whose authority exchanges ideas with the Israelis. The European Commission (EC) is funding its second research project on the Yarkon, and a post-doctoral student from Spain is working with the authority as part of the EC’s Marie Curie Actions program.
“Others are modeling river rehab programs after ours, because we are pioneers. We export our knowledge to everybody — we’re public employees, so we’re happy to share,” says Pargament.
