Illustration by Leonardo Santamaria
Prof. Sam Lehman-Wilzig: Israel 2023 is Beating Back 1984
The protesters’ recent (temporary) “victory” i.e., halting the Judicial Reform legislative process, was accompanied by another sort of success. Israelis are no longer willing to tolerate most examples of Orwellian “Newspeak” i.e., the twisting of words to mean the opposite of what they are supposed to mean – a sinister method for controlling thought through language. Specifically, the leaders of the Judicial Reform program have employed two distinct terms to delegitimize the opposition. It is worth looking carefully at these Newspeak twists and what they really mean, not just semantically but practically as well.
1) “Sarvanut” – in Hebrew, somehow who refuses to follow orders. This is generally translated into English as “conscientious objection,” but the connotation is wrong. The protesters within the army were all individuals who have been volunteering to continue serving in the reserves (some for decades) – beyond the mandatory time the law prescribes. They announced that they were no longer willing to continue volunteering their army reserve services if and when the Judicial “Reform” goes into effect (some actually stopped last week). Thus, the only “refusal” here was not against lawful orders from the IDF command but rather their unwillingness to continue their voluntary service.
True, they “conscientiously objected” to the government’s proposed policy, but that term is always applied to someone involved in civil disobedience i.e., breaking the law (even if non-violently) to illustrate the immorality (in their eyes) of the law or government policy. The only Israelis who remotely could be called “civilly disobedient” were those who blocked highways for a few hours. Which brings us to the second “Newspeak” term…
2) “Anarchistim” – in Hebrew, those who believe and act in anarchic fashion to bring about the demise of government. This term doesn’t really need English translation: anarchists.
It goes without saying that none of the protesters wished to see the end of Israel’s democratic regime (not the present “government”, but rather Israel’s overall system of governance). Indeed, the protesters were demanding retention of the status quo situation, a regime of governance that in their eyes has stood the test of time and doesn’t need any significant restructuring (no one is against minor reform tweaks to the system).
Indeed, one can see this most clearly in the outpouring of support by the protesters, most of whom are not right-wing supporters, for the Likud’s own Defense Minister Gallant. In the protesters’ eyes, the real “anarchist” is a prime minister who fired his defense minister just because the latter delivered the sober assessment of all the nation’s security service leaders (IDF, Mossad, SHABAK): the Judicial Reform package was severely damaging Israel’s national security! Given that this coming October the country will be commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Yom Kippur War for which it was woefully underprepared precisely because the defense establishment was blind to the external threat, it did not escape the attention of the Israeli public that you don’t “shoot the messenger” but rather try everything to react to the message by lowering the internal flames. Instead, Netanyahu poured extra fuel on the already high blazes – not quite “anarchy,” but definitely taking a step in that direction.
It is worthwhile looking a little deeper into these two terms, and why they failed to strike a chord among Israel’s general public. Are there “sarvanim”/refuseniks in Israel? Absolutely! (I am not referring to the miniscule number of conscientious objectors who refuse to be drafted altogether). In fact, there are approximately half a million; they are called haredim. These are the only groups in Israeli society (“groups” in the plural, because there are some differences in their approach to serving in the IDF), who not only are unwilling to serve, but are actively trying to push through a “draft” law (pun intended) that would institutionalize and legalize their refusal! Clearly, this too had an effect on immunizing the protesters from any “sarvanim” accusation; they were implicitly telling the government: “You’re calling us sarvanim? First look inside your own coalition. That’s where the real army refuseniks are located!”
As for “anarchistim,” why all of a sudden did this abstruse political term come into use by the Right? Mainly because the older epithet “Leftists” has lost its sting, given that the Meretz party is no longer in the Knesset, and Labor is a shadow of its former self. A new denigrating term was necessary, but it palpably did not fit the hundreds of thousands mainstream Israelis who came out to protest, week after week.
The evolving immunization of Israeli society to Newspeak terminology is a very positive development for the country’s democracy and civic debate. But the job still has a way to go. There is one further term that needs to be “cleaned up” i.e., used more precisely and correctly: “mekhablim” (terrorists).
By definition, a terrorist is a person who indiscriminately attacks civilians. Thus, a Palestinian who shoots, knifes, or bombs ordinary civilians is a terrorist – and so is an Israeli Jew who does the same to Palestinian civilians. However, if a Palestinian does the same against an Israeli soldier, that is not – and cannot be – considered “terrorism.” One can call them militants, guerilla fighters, implacable enemy (or most any other appellation) but not “terrorist.”
Such Newspeak regarding Israel’s adversaries (“opponents” or “enemy,” depending on your perspective) is problematic because it whitewashes the situation, as if we are not in a serious, armed conflict with the other side whose political position just might have some legitimacy. By demonizing every attack on our soldiers, all discussion is shut off. This is not at all to suggest that the IDF or any other Israeli security organization should not be doing its utmost to defend Israelis (civilian or military); rather, it is to say that eviscerating the language of the Israeli-Palestinian struggle does no one a service – other than those who wish to ignore the pursuit of a possible resolution to the conflict.
Ironically, Orwell actually wrote his dystopian masterpiece “1984” in 1948 – the year the State of Israel came into being. By no longer willing to be misled by most inverted verbiage, Israelis are now showing that they will not accept both “meanings” of 1948, but only the optimistic, visionary one of Zionism’s founding fathers and mothers.
Women in red: Protesters supporting women’s rights dressed as characters from ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ TV series attend a protest in Tel Aviv on February 20, 2023. Photo by Getty Images
